Numerous health policy analysis frameworks and theories are available but more critical application is required as not all frameworks are necessarily transferable between high, middle, and low economic countries. Such knowledge and understanding is essential to help determine whether future practice-based interventions, particularly those focused on lifestyle modification, have the potential to be effective. Although there is an array of evidence on evaluating specific policy intervention programs such as those on smoking cessation and increasing physical activity, analysis of overall national policy implementation and outcomes is more limited. Translation of national policies into practice, however, can be variable with barriers and challenges leading to variable provision at the clinical level. Analysis of health policies, therefore, is core to developing public health reforms, for understanding policy failures, identifying gaps, and developing future policy. Evaluation of such policies is essential for understanding the impact of policy outcomes on populations, communities, and individuals particularly with respect to behavior changes. National health policies are fundamental for improving the health of a population.
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